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Research Facts
“Several studies
suggest that at
least half of
anorexic
patients appear
to be fully
recovered a
decade or two
later.”
“Other studies
have also
suggested that
the longer the
illness lasts -
or the less a
person weighs
before checking
into a hospital
- the more
difficult the
recovery.”
The Dallas
Morning News,
Long-Term
Research reveals
lasting dangers
of anorexia,
bulimia, Laura
Biel
- - - - - - - -
-
According to a
U.S. Department
of Health and
Human Services
task force, 80
percent of girls
in grades three
through six have
bad feelings
about their
bodies.
‘....it’s
normal for girls
to put on 20
percent of their
body weight in
fat during
puberty.”
Parents, June
2000 Body Image
Blues by Bridget
Booher
- - - - - - - -
-
“In an exclusive
survey Glamour
conducted in
conjunction with
ANAD, we found
that managed
care is pulling
the feeding
tubes out of
starving women.
A stunning 96.7
percent of the
109 eating
disorders
specialists we
interviewed told
us that
insurance caps
have put
anorexic
patients ion
“life-threatening
situations” by
denying
sufficient
specialized
hospital care.
And 100 percent
say the brief
hospitalizations
most
managed-care
policies cover
have actually
caused some of
their patients
serious
relapses -
making their
illnesses more
intractable,
just as giving a
tuberculosis
patient an
inadequate
course of
antibiotics
risks making his
or her infection
resistant to
treatment.”
Glamour
Magazine,
August, 1999
- - - - - - - -
-
“Experts caution
that eating
disorders are
more pervasive
than ever,
especially among
young children,
ages 9-12, who
in the past
weren't
considered at
risk.”
Albany Times
Union; Eating
Disorders
showing up in
younger
children, by
Sylvia Wood
- - - - - - - -
-
“ A study of 692
adolescent girls
shows that
radical
weight-loss
efforts lead to
greater future
weight gain and
a higher risk of
obesity.”
Naturalistic
Weight-Reduction
Efforts
Prospectively
Predict Growth
in Relative
Weight and Onset
of Obesity Among
Females
Adolescents..”
Eric Stice,
PhD., University
of Texas at
Austin; Rebecca
P. Cameron,
PhD., Joel D.
Killen. PhD.,
Chris Hayward,
MD, and C. Barr
Taylor, MD,
Stanford
University
School of
Medicine,
Journal of
Consulting and
Clinical
Psychology, Vol.
67, No. 6. Full
test available
at http://www.apa.org/journals/ccp.html.
- - - - - - - -
-
“In a survey of
65 Fijian girls,
Dr. Anne Becker
reported that
teen girls who
watched TV three
or more nights
per week were 50
percent more
likely than
others to feel
“too big or
fat.” Almost
two thirds had
dieted in the
past month. Most
disturbingly, 15
percent of the
girls, average
age 17, said
they had vomited
to control their
weight in 1998,
compared with
just 3 percent
in 1995 (when TV
first arrived in
Fiji). Newsweek,
Fat-Phobia in
the Fijis: TV-
Thin is in
May 31, 1999
- - - - - - - -
-
“Negative body
image in
adolescence
might have its
roots in
childhood
overweight.”
- - - - - - - -
-
Some forms of
anorexia nervosa
have a
concomitant
presence of
cerebral and
cerebella
morphological
anomalies.”
“Some forms of
brain alteration
could be
secondary to
under nutrition;
on the other
hand, cerebral
and cerebella
atrophy and
eating disorders
are far from
clear and may
also be an
expression of an
unknown common
denominator.”
- - - - - - - -
-
There continues
to be a
significant risk
of relapse among
AN patients who
remain well for
the first year
post-discharge.
Several
variables were
shown to be
associated with
an elevated risk
of relapse.
These findings
have
implications for
the development
of initial
treatments and
relapse
prevention
strategies for
AN. Psychol Med.
2004
May;34(4):671-9.
PMID: 15099421 [PubMed
- indexed for
MEDLINE]
- - - - - - - -
-
The only
predictor of
treatment
completion was
high
self-esteem,
which was
associated with
a 51% rate of
treatment
acceptance.
CONCLUSION:
Acceptance of
treatment and
relatively high
dropout rates
pose a major
problem for
research in the
treatment of
anorexia
nervosa.
Differing
characteristics
predict dropout
rates and
acceptance,
which need to be
carefully
studied before
comparative
treatment trials
are conducted.
Archives of
General
Psychiatry.
2005
Jul;62(7):776-81.
- - - - - - - -
-
Hispanic and
non-Hispanic
white girls had
the highest and
African-American
(AA) and
Caribbean girls
the lowest rates
of EDS. Asian
girls reported
the highest and
AA girls the
lowest rates of
DDS. Early
dieting was
associated with
EDS and DDS in
Caribbean,
non-Hispanic
white, and mixed
background
girls. Relative
body weight was
related to EDS
in all ethnic
groups except in
non-Hispanic
white and mixed
background
girls. The
authors did not
find an effect
of ethnic
identity
achievement on
psychopathology,
but there was an
effect of other
group
orientation on
both EDS and
DDS. Clinicians
should inquire
about EDS and
DDS in girls of
all ethnic
groups.
Prevention
efforts to delay
unsupervised
dieting may
protect
adolescent girls
from the
development of
EDS and DDS.
Source: J Dev
Behav Pediatr.
2005
Aug;26(4):257-66.
- - - - - - - -
-
- Even as young as age 5, girls who are overweight and are subject to food restriction or dieting show the greatest increases in eating in the absence of hunger, and greater weight gain across the middle years.
- Children who diet are more apt to become overweight adults.
- A high risk group for eating disorders are those who had high weight concerns prior to age 14.
- Over the years, many experiments have shown that the time of day you eat has no connection with weight gain. It’s the number of calories you consume daily and the number you expend in activity that matter. Several studies have shown specifically that evening eating has no effect on body weight.
University of California Berkeley, Wellness Letter, 1998
- In a study of 324 undergraduates at the University of Illinois, 11 percent were found to have eating disorders. It was found that “for the women who had an eating disorder, exercise was related to negative affect, and there was a slight trend for more depression and more anxiety.” There was a statistically significant association between exercise and psychological health for males. One possible explanation may be that men and women exercise for different reasons, with societal pressures causing women to worry more about body image, over just feeling good or having fun.
From the research of Gerlach and Espelage presented at the APA convention in August 2002
- In the face of approximately 70 million Americans attempting to lose weight or to stop gaining weight, the Federal Trade Commission released a report in September stating that most ads for diet products and services contain false, misleading claims. According to the report, at least 40% of the ads made at least one “false representation” such as claiming a person can consume as much food as they desire and “still lose weight.” (Washington Post, 9/18). 55% of the ads made unsubstantiated claims (December, Wall Street Journal, 9/18). The report also found that the number of false or misleading claims in weight-loss advertisements “appears to have increased dramatically” from 1992 to 2002 (Washington Post, 9/18.)
- The New England Journal of Medicine in a recent article showed exercise declining among girls as they reach teenage.
- Another study shows that Anorexia Nervosa is increasingly common in adolescent girls and occurs at a time of peak bone mass formation. Osteopenia is common in adolescent girls girls with anorexia nervosa. It was found that despite recovery over 1 year, poor bone mineral accrual persists in adolescent girls with AN in contrast to rapid bone accrual in healthy girls. Normalization of bone turnover markers occurs in association with nutritional recovery and an increase in the nutritionally dependent bone trophic factor IGF-1.
Massachusetts General Hospital; J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Seo: 87 (9): 4177-85.
- In a study by Golden, Lanzkowsky, Schebendach, Palestro, Jacobson, and Shenker: New Hyde Park, New York, it was determined that estrogen-progestin did not significantly increase BMD compared with standard treatment. These results question the common practice of prescribing hormone replacement therapy to increase bone mass in Anorexia Nervosa.
- Another study shows that adolescents with eating disorders were at a substantially elevated risk for anxiety disorders, cardiovascular symptoms, chronic fatigue, chronic pain, depressive disorders, infectious diseases, insomnia, neurological symptoms, and suicide attempts during early adulthood. Problems with eating or weigh during adolescence predicted poor health outcomes during adulthood, regardless of whether an eating disorder had been present. Only 22% of the adolescents with current eating disorders had received psychiatric treatment within the past year.
Arch Gen Psyciatry.2002; 59:545-552.
- "Anorexia Strategy: Family as Doctor" - "When a teenage girl develops anorexia, a team of experts usually takes charge of bringing her back to a normal weight, while her parents stand on the sidelines... The goal of the therapy is to mobilize the family as a whole in a fight against the eating disorder." said Dr. James Lock, assistant professor of psychiatry at Stanford School of Medicine.
The New York Times; June 11,2002.
- Several studies suggest that at least half of anorexic patients appear to be fully recovered a decade or two later. Other studies have also suggested that the longer the illness lasts - or the less a person weighs before checking into a hospital - the more difficult the recovery.
The Dallas Morning News, "Long-Term Research reveals lasting dangers of anorexia, bulimia" by Laura Biel
- According to a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services task force, 80 percent of girls in grades three through six have bad feelings about their bodies.
- ....it's normal for girls to put on 20 percent of their body weight in fat during puberty.
Parents Magazine, June 2000, "Body Image Blues" by Bridget Booher
- "In an exclusive survey Glamour conducted in conjunction with ANAD, we found that managed care is pulling the feeding tubes out of starving women. A stunning 96.7 percent of the 109 eating disorders specialists we interviewed told us that insurance caps have put anorexic patients in "life-threatening situations" by denying sufficient specialized hospital care. And 100 percent say the brief hospitalizations most managed-care policies cover have actually caused some of their patients serious relapses - making their illnesses more intractable, just as giving a tuberculosis patient an inadequate course of antibiotics risks making his or her infection resistant to treatment."
Glamour Magazine, August, 1999
- "Experts caution that eating disorders are more pervasive than ever, especially among young children, ages 9-12, who in the past weren't considered at risk."
Albany Times Union, "Eating Disorders showing up in younger children" by Sylvia Wood
- "A study of 692 adolescent girls shows that radical weight-loss efforts lead to greater future weight gain and a higher risk of obesity."
"Naturalistic Weight-Reduction Efforts Prospectively Predict Growth in Relative Weight and Onset of Obesity Among Females Adolescents.." by Eric Stice, PhD., University of Texas at Austin; Rebecca P. Cameron, PhD., Joel D. Killen. PhD., Chris Hayward, MD, and C. Barr Taylor, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 67, No. 6. Full test available at http://www.apa.org/journals/ccp.html.
- In a survey of 65 Fijian girls, Dr. Anne Becker reported that teen girls who watched TV three or more nights per week were 50 percent more likely than others to feel "too big or fat." Almost two thirds had dieted in the past month. Most disturbingly, 15 percent of the girls, average age 17, said they had vomited to control their weight in 1998, compared with just 3 percent in 1995 (when TV first arrived in Fiji).
Newsweek, May 31, 1999, "Fat-Phobia in the Fijis: TV - Thin is in"
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