My son Jesse just turned 13 and he is the picky
eater. I recognized his picky problem as a Sensory Integration Issue years ago but the "experts" at the time disagreed with me and told me it was just shtick. Mostly because the sensory stuff was just around food smell, texture and taste.

I have recently found an OT who agreed that this is a sensory issue and we
have started to work with her. She has also indicated that my very thin son
has general low muscle tone and that is evidenced by all kinds of things
including that he pushes too hard with his pencil when writing in order to
have control and his arm fatigues easily. He has poor fine motor dexterity
and will probably tie his shoelaces bunny ear style for the rest of his
life. This is relevant because she feels that the poor muscle tone also
extends to his tongue which, as a muscle, is responsible for discerning
food sensations in the mouth. We have been working on a series of exercises to strengthen his tongue to lessen the gag reflex and to increase the sensory information that can be gathered by the tongue. Very slow process. We are also going to try "odor exposure" tests where we place extracts like vanilla, cinnamon, almond and so on in little containers and swab them with a cotton ball. Then the cotton ball is taken close to the nostrils. We want to see how long it takes for him to acclimate to the strong pleasant odors. We are working on making him feel comfortable with strong odors and will eventually introduce more cooked food odors.
What he is refusing to do is to do any of the blind taste test. Jesse is
also very visual and makes decisions on what he will like or not just by the
look. We first wanted to do the blindfold testing using only food that he
likes but he refuses to trust any of us so we can't even work our way to the
part where we introduce new foods that we have described to him.

The OT is very expensive. $100 weekly. Going once a week is useless unless we do daily follow up exercises and that has been difficult. We found a "tutor" who works with an educational consultant. The educational
consultant (find the right school for your unusual child: Jesse is
brilliant but disorganized and scattered and doesn't do well in a school
where there are too many kids in the class and many of them with behavior
problems. He is also a bit of a "geek" with computer and science interests
and we fear going to the very social local high school may not be a good
idea for him) So this educational consultant is very experienced in kids
like Jesse and many flavors of disorders, shtick, etc. She completely
understands the food thing as she runs in to it ALL THE TIME!

She found us a tutor who is working with Jesse twice a week for keyboarding skills so that he can use a laptop in school instead of writing. She is also addressing organization concepts. Most important, She met with the OT and is working with Jesse on the tongue exercises, food experiments, learning to pack his own lunches and so on. We no longer have to pay the OT for the weekly 1 hour session. We pay just a little more for the tutor to come twice a week for 1-1/2 hour sessions.

Jesse is more apt to work with and listen to a stranger than to me. The
educational specialist suggested that we make creative use of other times.
For instance there never seems to be any time to schedule the tongue
exercises. She said to do them in the car when we are driving somewhere.
Good use of down time.

Any way. I hope some of this rambling is of use.  So far, although Jesse
is willing, we have not found one new food that he will eat.

 -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -

Jesse's OT has mentioned an exercise for the tongue to diminish the GAG reflex. This is how it works. Take a teaspoon and press down on your tongue in the front and use your tongue to push back against it. Fight the downward pressure with your tongue. Count 5. Move the spoon further in and repeat.  Further again but not so far that it will cause gagging and repeat. Now turn the spoon on it's side and push against the side of the tongue and again, fight it with the tongue. Same with the other side. Repeat this 3 times a day.

Now, why are you doing this? The OT noted that there was a marked preference by Jesse to eat crunchy foods. She is working with another child
who prefers only baby foods and although the nature of the sensitivity is
different, the tongue problem is the same.

Here is her explanation: The function of the nervous system is to PROTECT
and to DISCRIMINATE. In order to be able to discriminate in a socially
acceptable manner ( "Gee, this doesn't taste very good, I think I'll just
get a napkin and get rid of it. OR, I'll swallow but I won't take another
bite" the nervous system (read tongue in this instance) must be able to
gather the required tactile and taste information from the food. If the
tongue cannot gather this information, the nervous system immediately goes into alert into a defensive mode and says "PROTECT" . (read gag and spit. A physically weak tongue, which is a muscle, cannot function properly to give the nervous system this information.

Now I couldn't understand this at all, so she gave me another physical
example. She provided me with a pen and asked me to pick it up using and
extremely limp-wristed barely there, kind of hold with the tips of the
fingers. She asked if it clearly registered on my brain as "pen" and I had
to admit that it was hard to tell from the "feel" what it was. Then she
gave me a much heavier and thicker object that was long and narrow and asked me to pick it up using the same limp wristed hold. Now it "felt" like what it looked like. The item that had more "definition" registered on a weak
neurological link, but the one with less, did not.

She explained that that is what is going on with Jesse. He requires a
crunchy French fry because it is only through these defined crunchy type
foods that his weak tongue can pick up the information it needs to know what he is eating. Strengthening the tongue, increases the definition of a
greater number of foods.

I never would have guessed that Jesse has a "weak tongue". I had read about this sort of thing as a reason for a problem with feeding but I kept
imagining a person that had some sort of palsy and was visibly impaired
physically. Jesse was so utterly "normal". Except now I think back to how
very long it took him to eat his meals as a toddler. He would sit at the
table for 45 minutes. Actually he lost interest and would want to leave
(eating that long is really boring) so we started turning on the TV just to
keep him eating. When we pressed with the spoon on Jesse's tongue and he insisted he was pushing back, I felt no resistance what so ever. When I tried it on the OT, you could feel the resistance.

Other exercises for the tongue include using a huge wad of gum and shaping it to blow bubbles, over and over again. Putting some peanut butter on the hard upper palate and using the tongue to work it off. Or placing a sticky candy or small marshmallow there and using the tongue to work away at it until it has dissolved.

Next Exercise: This one causes pressure on the hard upper palate (just
before it goes up into the caverns of the mouth) and has 2 benefits. It
exercises the nervous system by placing a marked sensation where it has not been accustomed to getting it and I causes a temporary numbing effect so that new foods are not as shocking when introduced.

About 5 to 10 minutes before each meal, regardless of what is being eaten,
use the thumb of one hand to press firmly on that area of the palate
starting from one side and moving along the semi circle of the palate to the
other side. Go back and forth and back then remove finger and swallow.
Repeat 3 times then eat something in about 5-10 minutes. If a new food is
being introduced, bite and taste the food on the side of the tongue where it
is far less sensitive.

 -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -

I personally have been fighting the contention that this is in Jesse's "head" as everyone has been trying to tell me. I've been trying to make people see that this is physical. I don't want to diminish that by admitting that I believe there is indeed a psychological component. It is impossible to have so many bad experiences with food without having some sort of psychological repercussions. I think that the fear of having a gag reflex or of tasting something repugnant set's up a mind set that prevents any trial of new foods. It's understandable but is a cyclic problem. The physical problem feeds the psychological which feeds the physical ad infinitum.  I saw a TV documentary recently about a program to help phobic people. The subjects were a group of people whose fear of spiders reached phobic proportions. In one case a woman had a single horrid experience as a child that created a lifelong phobia. It was a 4 week intensive program that began with some sort of brain scan. Certain dark areas in the brain were noted. Over the 4 weeks the subjects were introducing to progressively stressful exposures. First just touching a photo of a spider caused a phobic reaction. Once that was mastered, touching video screens with moving spiders was required until the subjects were ready to share space with tiny garden variety house spiders. The program ended with the touching of a de-poisoned tarantula. About 100% of the subjects were able to touch it after the 4 weeks and some 80% were able to hold it.  The most interesting thing was that the brain scans taken after the 4 weeks showed a marked difference in the brain. Many of the dark areas had been eradicated.  The moderator said something to the effect that "a person's will, or decision to conquer his fears, caused a physical change in the functioning of the brain".
I found this most encouraging. It seems to me that the negative experiences of this group of picky eaters has definitely created a phobic response overlaying the physical problem. I noted that in many books on the subject, a multidisciplinary approach was suggested. I asked the OT if perhaps Jesse would also need a behavior therapist. She suggested we try and conquer as much of the physical end of the problem as we could to begin with and then we have more to work with when and if, we would need some behavior therapy.
It's an awfully long winded way to say that the only way to get over this is to make up your mind that you really want to, and are willing to be exposed to some intense discomfort to do so. The OT says that we shouldn't expect that Jesse or anyone with SID will ever have a sophisticated palette or even be a "normal" eater. However we can get him a long way into adding new foods and more easily participating in a greater number of social occasions.

 -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -

People with Autism, Aspergers Syndrome and Non Verbal Learning
Disorders often have SID to some varying degree. Somewhere in my readings I picked up that it is about 60% of the time. There have been some 20 genes identified as the ones responsible for the full blown worst case scenario of Autism with every other attendant disorder on the list including SID, ADD etc. While we are often told that these disorders can be thought to be related to one another along a spectrum from mild, such as a non specific learning disorder, up the spectrum to ADD further along to Aspergers, then Autism and somewhere in there is NVLD and Pervasive Developmental Disorder. But the truth is that it is not an easily traced spectrum. It is more a cluster of traits and, depending on which of the 20 genes are affected, you can get all sorts of overlaps of traits with some belonging to the lower end of the spectrum and some to the higher.

What the medical community has generally failed to recognize up to this
point is that there is no reason why only one of those genes can be
defective, namely the one for SID regarding food.

So, I would expect that there is every reason to believe that someone who specializes in treating that aspect of Autism could help someone with just
the SID if they were capable of separating out the treatments. That being
said, my son's OT works with all manner of neurological disorders, amongst
them, Autism. These are the very professionals that you are asking after
Emily. The neurological disorder is the specialty of the OT and not the
psychiatrist. I think that Autism is attacked from a team approach with
many different specialists involved including the OT. Would "Picky Eaters"
benefit from a "team" of specialists? I wager they would. Can we get them
to treat same given the long waiting lists for Autism patients? Covered by
some medical plan? It would be really nice, but I doubt it at this point.
 
Susan Sorger
Entourage Arts
http://www.entouragearts.com

-    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -

I have spent the last 11 years trying to get a grip on how to help my son.
I have come across so many ignorant and arrogant professionals who have led us down the wrong route and who have really been detrimental to getting the understanding that my son needs.  Add to that the legions of parents and friends who think they know it all, all of them, professionals and lay
person's alike, clucking over me telling me their definitive answer to this
problem.  All of them, all of them, all of them come up with one of the
following:  you must force feed, you must punish, you must not allow/enable, you must provide consequences.  They all imply that somehow it is my fault and I have been remiss as a parent and I have "spoiled" my son.

None of them understand that this is a disorder. All of them think that I
have played a part in allowing this to happen.  It took me years to
research, understand and come to believe that this is a real physical
condition.  I can't help it, but now whenever any medical type professional
looks down at me from their lofty position and states unequivocally that it
is completely psychological and that I can change it through appropriate
discipline, I bristle and write them off as an uninformed dolt.

To have someone in this group suggest the very same thing, plays right into
their hands.  Those people don't need any more ammunition in their hands to confirm what they believe.

Susan Sorger
Entourage Arts
http://www.entouragearts.com

-    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -